本篇博文中将介绍mac下的selenium的配置过程，并结合python的demo程序来对selenium有一个初步的了解，最后实现了操作Firefox和Safari浏览器；selenium可以应用在很多方面，如网页的自动化测试、网络爬虫等。

安装

使用 pip install selenium。

使用 Firefox

这里的版本信息：

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python == 2.7
selenium == 3.4.3
firefox == 53.0.3

例程中的代码：

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from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait # available since 2.4.0
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC # available since 2.26.0
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_binary import FirefoxBinary # add by self
import time
# binary = FirefoxBinary('/Applications/Firefox.app')
# driver = webdriver.Firefox(firefox_binary=binary)
# Create a new instance of the Firefox driver
driver = webdriver.Firefox( )
# go to the google home page
driver.get("http://www.google.com")
# the page is ajaxy so the title is originally this:
print driver.title
# find the element that's name attribute is q (the google search box)
inputElement = driver.find_element_by_name("q")
# type in the search
inputElement.send_keys("cheese!")
# submit the form (although google automatically searches now without submitting)
inputElement.submit()
try:
    # we have to wait for the page to refresh, the last thing that seems to be updated is the title
    WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.title_contains("cheese!"))
    # You should see "cheese! - Google Search"
    print driver.title
finally:
    time.sleep(4)
    driver.quit()

执行之后首先发现是

lenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: 'geckodriver' executable needs to be in PATH. ：

这里需要下载geckodriver，地址是这里：link

下载之后，放在PATH中：

再执行脚本就可以了。

另外，如果出现错误：

Message: Unable to find a matching set of capabilities

将Firefox更换到新的版本就可以解决了。

使用Safari

把代码中的Firefox 换成 Safari 之后，不用配置，直接在我的mac上（macOS 10.12.5）上执行是没有问题的。

代码：

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from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait # available since 2.4.0
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC # available since 2.26.0
import time
# Create a new instance of the Firefox driver
driver = webdriver.Safari()
# go to the google home page
driver.get("http://www.google.com")
# the page is ajaxy so the title is originally this:
print driver.title
# find the element that's name attribute is q (the google search box)
inputElement = driver.find_element_by_name("q")
# type in the search
inputElement.send_keys("cheese!")
# submit the form (although google automatically searches now without submitting)
inputElement.submit()
try:
    # we have to wait for the page to refresh, the last thing that seems to be updated is the title
    WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.title_contains("cheese!"))
    # You should see "cheese! - Google Search"
    print driver.title
finally:
    time.sleep(4)
    driver.quit()